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White Paper: Evaluating immersion cooling fluids
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As the demand for computational power grows, driven by advancements in AI, crypto mining, and cloud computing, data centers face increasing challenges related to heat dissipation and energy consumption. Currently, data centers are estimated to consume about 1 to 1.5% of global electricity [1], with cooling systems alone accounting for up to 40% of this energy consumption [2]. As modern hardware becomes increasingly powerful and densely packed, traditional air-cooling systems are struggling to keep up with the rising thermal loads, resulting in higher energy costs and operational inefficiencies. That’s why it is a necessity to have more advanced, energy-efficient cooling solutions to support this exponentially growing demand for computational power without neglecting the environmental impact. Immersion cooling is an emerging technique that consists in submerging electronic components directly in a thermally conductive but electrically insulating fluid.
This paper first demonstrated how insufficient air-cooling is when it comes to cooling servers since the CPU reached the maximum temperature allowed when it was put at full load. Air-cooling is still the most prominent technique nowadays, but it can’t keep up with the overgrowing demand in power and data center density. It is therefore a necessity to go towards new technology in the future such as immersion cooling. From the experiment results it can be said that immersion cooling, be it singlephase or two-phase, using hydrocarbon oil or fluorinated fluids, offers way better heat dissipation than air cooling. Between all three fluids, the hydrocarbon oil showed the less efficient performances both with a simple heat source and a real server. On the other hand, Thermasolv™ fluids have an excellent environmental and safety profile and at the same time very efficient cooling performances with IM6 being the most efficient, making two-phase immersion the best choice regarding heat dissipation.